Ballistic and impact protective system for military helmet assembly

ABSTRACT

A helmet assembly includes a face shield and a single, center top mounting arrangement that operatively connects a center top location of the face shield to a center front mount on the helmet. The face shield can be raised and lowered about a pivot axis provided in the mounting arrangement between a tilted up, non-use position and a lowered, deployed position. The mounting arrangement can include a detent and two recesses, wherein the detent engages a first recess at a slightly forwardly displaced position to allow ventilation between the helmet and mandible and the face shield and a second recess at the tilted up, non-use position. The recess and detent engagement can be overcome by easy manual force acting on the face shield to reposition the face shield.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No. 61/239,733 filed Sep. 3, 2009; 61/246,701 filed Sep. 29, 2009;61/265,707 filed Dec. 1, 2009; and 61/334,923 filed May 14, 2010.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to helmet assemblies having multiplecomponents such as face shields, mandibles or mouth guards andaccessories for use on helmets.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Military and law-enforcement helmets with face shields are known such asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,901,369 and 4,536,892. These face shieldsprovide pivot arrangements on opposite lateral sides of the face shieldto allow the face shield to be pivoted upward away from the user's facewhen the face shield is not deployed. The face shield is held in adeployed position in front of the user's face by locking of the pivotarrangements.

The present inventors have recognized that it would be desirable toprovide a helmet assembly with an improved attachment system forattaching a face shield, a mandible, goggles and other accessories.

The present inventors have also recognized that it would be desirable toprovide an attachment system that was quickly and easily installed onto,or removed from, a helmet.

The present inventors recognize a need for a visor system having a lensthat provides ballistic and impact protection while reducing refractivepower, astigmatism and prism in the horizontal direction as well as inthe vertical direction which is important for military personalactivities such as inspecting the roof of buildings, crouching andlooking upward to use a weapon, inspecting grounds, and running.

The present inventors recognize a need for a lens that provides not onlyimpact protection but also ballistic protection for militaryapplications.

The present inventors recognize the need for a lens without a moldedbead frame structure which can induce stress on the lens during molding.

The present inventors recognize the need for a lens design that improvesoptics of the area extending 40 degrees from the straight ahead line ofsight.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a helmetassembly that includes a face shield and a single, center top mountingarrangement that operatively connects a center top location of the faceshield to a center front mount on the helmet. The face shield can beraised and lowered about a pivot axis provided in the mountingarrangement between a tilted up, non-use position and a lowered,deployed position. The mounting arrangement can include a detent and tworecesses, wherein the detent engages a first recess at a slightlyforwardly displaced position to allow ventilation between the helmet andmandible and the face shield and a second recess at the tilted up,non-use position. The recess and detent engagement can be overcome by aneasy manual force acting on the face shield to reposition the faceshield.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention also provides a helmetattachment system that is usable to attach a mandible or mouth guard.The exemplary embodiment provides a helmet attachment system thatattaches other devices such as goggle straps, night vision devices, andother devices. The exemplary embodiment of the present inventionprovides an attachment system that is quickly and easily installed ontoor removed from a helmet.

The helmet assembly can include a front mount or front rail that issubstantially contiguous with side rails mounted to the helmet whichextend rearward from side edges of the front mount. The rear edges ofthe side rails can be substantially contiguous with a back rail mountedon the helmet. The side rails are configured to provide attachmentlocations for further components, such as lights, electronics,communication equipment, etc. The back rail can be configured to secureends of goggle straps; if for example, under certain circumstances thewearer prefers wearing goggles instead of mounting the face shield.

The combination of a front mount, side rails and back rail form asubstantially circumferential reinforcement of the helmet and providesfront side and rear mounting platforms for accessories, electronics andother tools and devices according to the needs of the wearer.

The helmet assembly of the exemplary embodiment of the present inventionalso comprises a pair of attachment bases, each arranged on a side ofthe helmet near to an ear covering of the helmet. The attachment baseseach include a metal base plate covered by an attached body block. Eachattachment base provides provisions for attaching one or more devices tothe attachment base, such as for attaching opposite ends of a mandibleto the bases. The metal base plate includes hooks for engaging an edgeof the helmet. A pair of strap assemblies is provided, each strapassembly connected to one attachment base. The strap assemblies extendrearward and are connected to the back rail by a buckle member on theend of each strap. The back rail includes a pair of bucklemember-receiving slots. The straps assemblies and the hooks provided onthe attachment bases secure the attachment bases to the helmet. Themandible is screwed onto the attachment bases. The mandible is easilyinstalled by insertion of a headed pin or rivet extending from eachattachment base inward, through channels formed on the front mount orfront rail and sliding the attachment bases with mandible mountedthereto through the channel until the hooks engage the rim of thehelmet. The straps are then drawn rearward and buckled. The mandible canbe removed by unbuckling the straps from the back rails and sliding theheaded pins back out of the channels formed in the front mount or frontrail.

The face shield mounting arrangement provides an effective, costefficient mechanism for holding the face shield in either the downwarddeployed position or the upwardly tilted, non-use position. A wearer canraise and lower the face shield with only one hand. This attributeallows a soldier to raise or lower his face shield without putting downhis rifle.

Advantageously, a front mount attached to the helmet can accommodateeither the face shield mounting arrangement or a night vision appliance.Thus the mounting apparatus for a helmet is simplified and the number ofparts and mounting complexities are reduced.

In one embodiment the face shield is a visor system that has a lens withoptics that are designed to provide not only impact protection but alsohigh energy ballistic protection while providing clarity by reducedrefractive power, astigmatism, and prism in the horizontal direction aswell as in the vertical direction. According to one embodiment the lenshas a thickness defined between the inner and outer surfaces. Thethickness is greatest at the centerpoint and tapers at a substantiallyconstant rate toward the edges. The radius of curvature of the outersurface of the lens is longer and offset forwardly of the radius ofcurvature of the inner surface of the lens causing the lens surfaces tobe eccentric.

Numerous other advantages and features of the present invention will bebecome readily apparent from the following detailed description of theinvention and the embodiments thereof, and from the accompanyingdrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a helmet assembly outfitted with theattachment system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the helmet assembly shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 2A is a side view showing the helmet assembly with a face shield ina slightly tilted up position;

FIG. 2B is a side view showing the helmet assembly with the face shieldin a fully tilted up non-use position;

FIG. 2C is a perspective view showing the helmet assembly in a fullytilted up, non-use position;

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the helmet assembly shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a rear view of the helmet assembly shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4A is a rear view identical to FIG. 4 but with portions removed forexplanation of underlying features;

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the helmet assembly in an alternateconfiguration wherein the face shield is replaced by goggles;

FIG. 4C is a rear perspective view of the helmet assembly in analternate configuration wherein a top rail is added;

FIG. 4D is a right side perspective view of the helmet assembly of FIG.4C;

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the helmet assembly shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a left side perspective view of the helmet assembly shown inFIG. 1 with portions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 6A is a left side vide of the helmet assembly shown in FIG. 1 withportions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 6B is a left side vide of the helmet assembly shown in FIG. 1 withportions removed for explanation of underlying features and with theshock cord channel cover shown transparent;

FIG. 7 is a right side perspective view of portions of the helmetassembly shown in FIG. 1 with portions removed for explanation ofunderlying features;

FIG. 8 is a front view of the helmet assembly portions shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a rear perspective view of a face shield portion of theportion of the helmet assembly shown in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged, fragmentary front perspective view of the helmetassembly portion shown in FIG. 1 with portions removed for explanationof underlying features;

FIG. 10A is a perspective view of a cap;

FIG. 10B is an enlarged, fragmentary front perspective view of thehelmet assembly portion with a second embodiment helmet mount;

FIG. 10C is an enlarged, fragmentary front perspective view of thehelmet assembly portion with a second embodiment helmet mount;

FIG. 10D is an enlarged, fragmentary front perspective view of thehelmet assembly portion with a second embodiment helmet mount;

FIG. 11 is a front perspective view of the face shield portion shown inFIG. 10 with portions of the face shield added;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken generally along line 12-12 of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a front perspective view of the helmet assembly shown in FIG.11 with portions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 13A is a perspective view of a portion of a mounting arrangementbaseplate;

FIG. 13B is a perspective view of the mounting arrangement with portionsremoved for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 13C is a perspective view of the mounting arrangement with portionsremoved for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 14 is a rear perspective view of a face shield assembly shown inFIG. 1 with portions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 15 is a front view of the face shield assembly shown in FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a left, rear perspective view of the helmet assembly shown inFIG. 1 with portions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 17 is a left side view of the helmet assembly shown in FIG. 16 withportions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 18 is a front perspective view of the helmet assembly of FIG. 1with portions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 19 is a front perspective view of the helmet assembly of FIG. 18with further portions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 19A is a perspective outside view of a side rail;

FIG. 20 is a front perspective view taken from of FIG. 1 with portionsremoved for explanation of underlying features showing a mandible;

FIG. 21 is a front perspective view taken from of FIG. 20 with portionsremoved for explanation of underlying features showing an underlyingtubular framework of the mandible;

FIG. 22 is a front perspective view taken from FIG. 1 with portionsremoved for explanation of underlying features showing a back rail;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a goggle strap clip shown in FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of multiple helmet assemblies with varyingmandible or lower jaw protection configurations;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the face shield and mountingarrangement shown in FIG. 1, shown in a lowered, use position, butslightly open for ventilation, such as shown in FIG. 2A;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view taken generally along line 26-26 shown inFIG. 25;

FIG. 26A is a sectional view of a first embodiment of a pivot pin;

FIG. 26B is a sectional view of the first embodiment of a pivot pin witha ball;

FIG. 26C is a sectional view of a second embodiment of a pivot pin;

FIG. 26D is a sectional view of the second embodiment of a pivot pinwith a ball;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the face shield and mountingarrangement shown in FIG. 1 but shown in a raised, non-use position,such as shown in FIG. 2B;

FIG. 28 is a sectional view taken generally along line 28-28 shown inFIG. 27;

FIG. 29 is an enlarged, front perspective view of the lever for raisingthe face shield, shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 30 is a rear perspective view of the lever shown in FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 is a rear view of the lever shown in FIG. 30;

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of an attachment base taken from FIG. 1;

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the attachment base of FIG. 32 withportions removed for explanation of underlying features;

FIG. 34 is an inside perspective view of the attachment base shown inFIG. 33;

FIG. 35 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of a left side ofthe helmet assembly;

FIG. 36 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view taken generally alongline 36-36 of FIG. 6 with an added functional attachment;

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of an alternate mandible attachmentsystem;

FIG. 38 is a fragmentary side view of a helmet with mandible using thealternate mandible attachment system of FIG. 37;

FIG. 39 is a fragmentary side view similar to FIG. 38 with portionsremoved to show underlying features;

FIG. 40 is a side view of the helmet assembly having a second alternateadjustable mandible attachment system;

FIG. 40A is a top view of the helmet assembly having a second alternateadjustable mandible attachment system;

FIG. 40B is an inside perspective view of the attachment base of thesecond alternate adjustable mandible attachment system;

FIG. 41 is a sectional side view taken along 41-41 from FIG. 40A withthe standoff mechanism in a lowered position;

FIG. 42 is a detailed view from FIG. 41;

FIG. 43 is a sectional side view from FIG. 40A generally along line41-41, with the standoff mechanism in a raised position;

FIG. 44 is a detailed view from FIG. 43;

FIG. 45 is a rear view of the helmet assembly having an alternateadjustable back rail system;

FIG. 46 is a rear view of the helmet assembly having the alternateadjustable back rail system in a contracted position, where the helmetis not shown;

FIG. 47 is a rear view of the helmet assembly having the alternateadjustable back rail system in an expanded position, where the helmet isnot shown;

FIG. 48 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the center back rail andan outer rear rail of the adjustable back rail system;

FIG. 49 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the center back rail ofthe adjustable back rail system;

FIG. 50 is a sectional view taken from FIG. 48 generally along line50-50;

FIG. 51 is a section view taken from FIG. 48 generally along line 51-51;

FIG. 52 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the center back rail andan outer rear rail of an alternative toothed back rail embodiment of theadjustable back rail system;

FIG. 53 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the center back rail ofthe alternative toothed back rail embodiment of the adjustable back railsystem;

FIG. 54 is a sectional view from taken from FIG. 52 generally along line54-54;

FIG. 55 is a perspective front view of the center back rail of thetoothed back rail embodiment of the adjustable back rail system;

FIG. 56 is a perspective rear view of the center back rail of thetoothed back rail embodiment of the adjustable back rail system;

FIG. 57 is a second perspective front view of the center back rail ofthe toothed back rail embodiment of the adjustable back rail system;

FIG. 58 is a perspective view of a buckle member;

FIG. 59 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a lens of a visorsystem;

FIG. 60 is a front view of the lens of FIG. 59;

FIG. 61 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the lens taken alongline 61-61 of FIG. 60 showing tapering thickness of the lens;

FIG. 62 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the lens taken along line62-62 of FIG. 60;

FIG. 63 is side view of the lens of FIG. 59;

FIG. 64 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a lens;

FIG. 65 is a front view of the lens of FIG. 64;

FIG. 66 is a top view of a lens positioned in front of a user;

FIG. 67 is a side view of a lens positioned in front of a user;

FIG. 68 is a perspective view of a head cap;

FIG. 69 is a perspective view of a helmet system;

FIG. 70 is a perspective view of a side rail;

FIG. 71 is a front view of a mount; and

FIG. 72 is a side view of an anchor receiver.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many differentforms, there are shown in the drawings, and will be described herein indetail, specific embodiments thereof with the understanding that thepresent disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of theprinciples of the invention and is not intended to limit the inventionto the specific embodiments illustrated.

It should be noted that the helmet assembly described herein issymmetrical across a vertical, front-to-back centerplane as evidenced bythe figures and any description of a right side component will alsodescribe the left side component as a mirror image thereof.

FIGS. 1-5 illustrate a helmet assembly 30 to be worn by a wearer 31(FIG. 3) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.The helmet assembly includes a helmet, such as a military helmet 34. Amandible 36 is operatively connected to the helmet 34. A protective faceshield, such as a transparent visor or transparent face shield 38 isalso operatively connected to the helmet, substantially between a frontof the helmet 34 and the mandible 36. A mounting arrangement 42 isoperatively connected to the helmet 34 and to the face shield 38 whichallows movement of the face shield 38 with respect to the helmet. Themounting arrangement 42 includes a shield mount 43 and a helmet mount44.

As seen in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the visor 38 translates during movementbetween the deployed position (FIG. 2A) and the standby position (FIG.2B). The visor has an exterior surface and an interior surface, theinterior surface facing toward a user's eyes when the visor is in thedeployed position and the exterior surface facing away from the user'seyes when the visor is in the deployed position. An imaginary line Lextends outwardly from the exterior surface of the visor in a directionnormal to a laterally centered and vertically centered point on theexterior surface. When the visor is in the standby position shown inFIG. 2B, a horizontal component of the imaginary line L points in thesame direction as when the visor is in the deployed position shown inFIG. 2A.

The helmet mount 44 extends across at least a partial width of thehelmet and is contiguous on the right and left sides of the helmet to aleft side rail 46 and a right side rail 48 (left and right orientationsmentioned herein are according to the helmet wearer's perspective). Theside rails are mirror image identical across a vertical, front-to-backcenter plane of the assembly 30. Rear portions of the rails 46, 48 arecontiguous with a back rail 52. The mount 44, the side rails 46, 48 andthe back rail 52 together substantially surround a perimeter of thehelmet 34.

The helmet mount includes two side channels 44 a, 44 b used for mountingthe mandible 36 as described below.

The helmet assembly can also be used with goggles 54 rather than theface shield 38, as shown in FIG. 4B. The goggles include straps 55 a, 55b that are connected to goggle clips to the back rail 52, as describedbelow. The back rail is design so that the back rail retains anunreleased goggle clip. In this way one the goggle clip and accompanyingstrap may be retained in the back rail even when the other goggle clipis released. This provides that a goggle may be quickly deployed byreattaching the released goggle a clip.

The mandible 36 is operatively mounted to the helmet 34 by left andright attachment bases 62, 64. For simplicity, only the left attachmentbase 62 will be describes as the right side attachment base is mirrorimage identical across the vertical, front-to-back center plane of theassembly.

The mandible 36 is fastened to the attachment base by two screws 71, 72.The attachment base 62 engages the helmet as described below and isdrawn rearward by a strap system 76. Only the left side strap system 76will be described but it is to be understood that a right side strapsystem 78 would be mirror image identical across the vertical,front-to-back center plane of the assembly. The front rail or mount 44,side rails and the back or rear rail provide support as a system for themandible.

The left side strap system includes a strap 82 that is connected by aloop 85 to the base 62 at one end and to a buckle member 87 at anopposite end. The buckle member 87 engages a buckle receiving slot 90formed in the back rail 52.

Face Shield and Mounting Arrangement

The details of the face shield 38 and the mounting arrangement 42 areshown in FIGS. 7-15 and 25-31.

The face shield 38 comprises a lens 94 and a frame 95. The lens 94 fitswithin a groove 97 (FIG. 9) in the frame 95 and is fixed to the frame bythree screws 96. For military use particularly, the face shield lens 94should be ballistic impact resistant. It can be of a laminatedconstruction and can feature a variable light transmission system. Sucha variable light transmission system can incorporate an electroniccontrol system to vary the light transmission according to the ambientlight conditions.

The face shield frame 95 is mounted to the mounting arrangement 42 viathe shield mount 43. The shield mount 43 comprises parallel lugs 98 a,98 b (FIG. 14). The lugs 98 a, 98 b include holes 99 a, 99 b forreceiving pins 99 c (only one shown, FIG. 13). Each pins 99 c passesthrough a hole 101 (FIG. 12) formed through sides in a base portion 102(FIG. 11) of a lever 100, and are held in place by the head of the pinand a circlip or lock washer 99 d. The lever 100 includes a hole 103(FIG. 11) through a distal end thereof. A pivot pin 107 (FIG. 12) is fitthough the hole 103 and is fixed to sidewalls 110 a, 110 b (FIG. 13)which extend outward from a baseplate 112. L-shaped side links 114 a,114 b are pinned at one end to the lugs 110 a, 110 b and at an oppositeend to the lugs 98 a, 98 b.

The lever 100 has a central recess 116 (FIGS. 11 and 12). An opening 118is provided within the central recess 116. A hook-shaped latch 122(FIGS. 11, 12 and 13) has a base end pivotally attached to the sidewalls110 a, 110 b by a through pin 124 (FIG. 12). The latch extends outwardlythrough the opening 118. The latch is biased to rotate upward to alatched position by a torsion spring 130 (FIG. 13). When the face shieldis moved from the upward, non-use position down to the deployed positionas shown in FIG. 1, the lever slides over the angular face 122 a of thelatch, which causes rotation of the latch downward as the hook endpasses through the opening 118. Once the hook end of the latch isthrough the opening 118, the latch rebounds by the urging of the torsionspring to rotate upward and the hook end overlies a first recessedsurface 116 a of the lever adjacent to the opening 118. The latch 122holds the lever 100 and the face shield 38 in the deployed position. Thelatch 122 can also be made to overlie a second recessed surface 116 b tohold the face shield in a slightly open position with respect to thehelmet and mandible. To move the face shield 38 to the slightly openposition or the tilted up, non-use position, the hook end 122 a of thelatch must be depressed downward by a finger to release the latch fromthe lever and the face shield can be pivoted upward.

The pivot pin 107 is fixed to the sidewalls 110 a, 110 b by use of athreaded screw 123 a and a spring pin 123 b on each end of the pivot pin107 for each sidewall 110 a, 110 b. The spring pin 123 b is a pin havinga portion that is larger than a hole in the pivot pin 107 such that ismust be resiliently or deformable forced into the hole to hold the pivotpin 107 fixedly to the side walls 110 a, 110 b. The use of a spring pinprevents unscrewing of the screw 123 a due to the repetitive raising andlowering of the face shield.

The pivot pin 107 includes two recesses 126 a, 126 b at two spacedapart, circumferential positions. A detent mechanism 127 is shown inFIGS. 26 and 28. The detent mechanism includes three spring mechanisms127 a arranged in parallel. Each mechanism includes a compression spring127 b that urges a ball 127 c toward the pivot pin 107. All thecompression springs are braced by a backing through pin 127 d. Thecompression spring 127 b and the ball 127 c are captured within acylindrical passage 100 a formed in the lever 100, by the backing pin127 d and the pivot pin 107. When installed, the springs 127 b arepre-compressed between the backing pin 127 d and the pivot pin 107 tothe degree necessary to allow the balls 127 c to be urged into theappropriate recess 126 a, 126 b when the recess presents itself to theballs 127 c upon rotation of the lever 100 with respect to the pivot pin107. The balls 127 c fit into the recess 126 a when the face shield ismoved slightly away from the helmet and mandible to allow for increasedventilation (FIG. 2A), and fit into the recess 126 b when the faceshield is pivoted into the raised, non-use position (FIGS. 2B and 2C).The engagement between the detent mechanism 127 and either of therecesses 126 a, 126 b provides a resilient hold that can be overcome byforce from the wearers hand to pivot the face shield.

As seen in FIG. 2B, the visor 38 has a bottom edge 39 and a top edge 40.As seen in FIGS. 2B and 6, the helmet 34 has a lowermost edge 33.

The second embodiment of the pivot pin 108 provides a recess wall 108 c,108 d, 108 e that does not have a constant radius of curvature along itslength. In this configuration the ball 127 c does not make contact withthe recess along the entire recess wall as shown in FIG. 26D. The firstrecess 108 a is identical geometrically to the second recess 108 b.Referring to recess 108 b, the recess has two flat walls 108 c, 108 eare connected by a curved section 108 d. At last a portion of the flatwalls 108 c, 108 e contact the ball 127 c when it engages the recess 108b. This leaves a gap 108 h between the ball and at least a portion ofthe curved portion 108 d of the recess wall. The recess has full contactareas 108 g, 108 f and a non-contact area 108 k therebetween. Thearrangement prevents full contact between the ball and the entire lengthof the recess wall to reduce force needed to overcome the springpressure transferred to the ball. As less force is needed with thesecond embodiment of the pivot pin 108 as compared to the firstembodiment of the pivot pin 107, it is easier for a user to move themounting arrangement 42 between the deployed position and the standbyposition. In one embodiment, the contact area 108 g corresponds to theflat wall 108 e, and the contact area 108 f corresponds to the flat wall108 c, and the non-contact area 108 k corresponds to the curved section108 d.

The face shield is operable with one hand to raise and lower the faceshield. One finger depresses the latch 122 as the rest of the hand liftsthe face shield to a raised position. The face shield can be loweredwith one hand and the latch is self engaging.

FIG. 13B shows the baseplate 112 includes a main body portion 132, abacking plate 133 (FIG. 13A), a spring 134, and a latching tongue 136.The main body portion 132 includes an upper edge 138 (FIGS. 9 and 12).The spring 134 biases the latching tongue 136 in a direction away fromthe upper edge 138. A handle 140 is connected to the latching tonguethrough a side clearance within the main body portion 132.

The backing plate 133 is a metal piece and includes side walls 133 ahaving holes 133 b which allow resin of the main body portion 132 toflow through the holes during overmolding to integrate the backing plate133 with the main body portion 132.

The mount 44 includes a top front formation or central accessory mount144 (FIG. 10) that includes an inverted U-shaped retainer portion 148,surface depressions 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, a top slot 160 and a bottomslot 162. The surface depressions 150-158 are sized and shaped toreceive protrusions 163, 164, 165, 166 (FIG. 9) on a back of thebaseplate 112.

The front mount is also compatible to mount a night vision appliance ornight vision goggle.

The front mount or front rail is mounted on the helmet using screws 360,362 and a center screw 363 (FIG. 10).

To mount the baseplate 112 to and into the formation 144, the top edge138 is fit into the top slot 160, the baseplate is fit snugly within theretainer portion 148 and the tongue 136 is retracted upwardly by forceon the handle 140 until the tongue can be fit into the bottom slot 162.

The mount side channels 44 a, 44 b each include a wide mouth 44 c and anarrow region 44 d (FIG. 6). The side channels are used to mountmandible attachment bases as described below.

The face shield frame 95 can also incorporate a removable gasket to sealagainst the helmet brim to prevent ingress of fluids.

FIG. 14 shows the frame 95 includes frame supports 95 a that braceagainst the helmet gasket 240 when the face shield is properly seated.

A second embodiment of the mount or rail 1161 is shown in FIGS. 10B-10D.The mount 1161 includes a top front formation or central accessory mount1164 (FIG. 10B-10D) that includes an inverted U-shaped retainer portion1168, a surface depression 1166, lateral tabs 1168 a, 1168 b, a top slot1160 and a bottom slot 1162. The U-shaped retainer portion 1168 has sidewalls 1168 a, 1168 b, 1168 c. A recessed bottom edge 1168 d is oppositethe top side wall 1168 b. The surface depression 1166 and lateral tabs1168 a, 1168 b are sized and shaped to receive protrusions on a back ofthe an accessory (not shown).

The helmet assembly may include a central accessory mount cap 45 asshown in FIGS. 10A, 10C, and 10D. The cap forms a concavity on a backside. The concavity is defined by side walls 45 g, 45 h, 45 i, 45 j, topwalls 45 c, 45 d, 45 e, 45 f, an upper tab 45 a, and a lower tab. Theupper tab is positioned along the top side wall 45 h and the bottom tabis positioned along the bottom side wall 45 i. Opposite the top walls isan open side. The open side faces the top front formation or centralaccessory mount and is received thereon. The upper tab 45 a engages thetop slot 1160 of the central accessory mount. After the top tab is inlocation the cap is rotated downward in the direction G shown in FIG.10C so that the bottom tab engages the bottom slot 1162 of the centralaccessory mount. When the cap is secured over the central accessorymount a storage area is provided between the cap and the centralaccessory mount. The cap 45 may also be used on the central accessorymount 144 of the first embodiment of the mount 44.

A second embodiment mount or rail 1161 is shown in FIG. 71. The railincludes two upper rail segments 1190, 1191 that flank the top frontformation or central accessory mount 1164. The rail also includes thebottom rail portion 1192 that extends under the upper rail segments1190, 1191 and under the top front formation or central accessory mount1164. Mounting apertures 1186, 1187 are located at opposed end areas ofthe rail. The mounting apertures allow that mount 1161 to be connectedto the front area of a helmet as shown in FIG. 10D. Also, mandiblesupport slots 1188, 1189 are provided at the opposite ends of the railand adjacent to the mounting apertures 1186 and 1187 respectively.Adjacent the mounting apertures on a side opposite the mandible supportslots are anchor receivers 1170, 1180. The right anchor receiver 1180 ismirror image identical to the left anchor receiver across the verticalfront to back mid-plane of the helmet system as shown in FIG. 71.

The anchor receiver has a top recess, 1171, a bottom recess 1173, ananchor bar 1172, a vertical passage 1174, and a horizontal passage 1175.The anchor bar 1172 spans the vertical passage 1174. As shown in FIGS.71 and 72, the anchor bar separates the top and bottom recesses. Therecesses have a back wall 1171 b, 1173 b, a first side wall 1171 a, 1173a, an opposite second side wall 1171 c, 1173 c. The vertical passage1174 extends behind the anchor bar 1172 vertically through to connectthe top and bottom recesses. The horizontal recess extends from the backside of the anchor bar 1172 out the back of the rail portion 1190.

A night vision device when mounted to the central accessory mount 1164may be stabilized by connecting one or more shock or elastic cords fromthe night vision device to the anchor receivers 1170, 1180. The anchorreceivers may be used to anchor a visor or any other accessory that ismounted to the central accessory mount 1164. The front anchor receiversare advantageous for, among other things, stabilizing the mountedaccessory when the front mount 1161 is used alone on a helmet, and sideand or back rails are not used.

As seen in FIGS. 2, 2A-2C, 25, 26, 27 and 28, the visor positionadjustment mechanism comprises an arm that is pivotally coupled to theattachment portion of the helmet mount about a first pivot axis 201 andthat is pivotally coupled to the attachment portion of the visor mountabout a second pivot axis 202. The position of the first pivot axis isstationary relative to the helmet. FIGS. 25-26 show the face shield andmounting arrangement shown in FIG. 1, shown in a lowered, use position,but slightly open for ventilation, such as shown in FIG. 2A. FIGS. 27-28show the face shield and mounting arrangement shown in FIG. 1 but shownin a raised, non-used position, such as shown in FIG. 2B.

As seen in FIG. 11, the visor position adjustment mechanism furthercomprises a link that is pivotally coupled to the attachment portion ofthe helmet mount about a third pivot axis 203 and that is pivotallycoupled to the attachment portion of the visor mount about a fourthpivot axis 204.

Visor System

In one embodiment, the face shield 38 is a visor system 38. In oneembodiment, the visor system comprises the lens 94 and a frame 95. Inanother embodiment, the visor system comprises the lens 94, the frame95, the mounting arrangement 42, and a helmet mount 44.

Referring to FIGS. 59-63, in one embodiment the lens 94 has a top edge1136 that slopes downward from a top center point to first right andleft curve points 1134, 1133. At the first curve points the top edgebegins to slope more aggressively toward second right and left curvepoints 1134 a, 1133 a, and more aggressively toward right and left sideedge points 1132, 1131. On the left side, between the first curve point1133 and second curve point 1133 a is a top side beginning point 1133 b.The left side of the lens extends from the side beginning point 1133 bto the outermost point of the side edge 1131 to a bottom side beginningpoint 1141 (FIG. 63).

As is shown in FIG. 62, the plane of sight 1150 along the verticalextent of the lens is displaced above the plane 1151 intersecting theside edge points 1132, 1131. The plane of sight is thestraight-ahead-view plane of sight when the line of view is normal tothe internal surface of the lens. In one embodiment, the plane of sight1150 is located at the vertical mid-point on a lens blank that has notbeen cut into a particular shape.

A portion of the bottom edge extends from the bottom side beginningpoint 1141 along an outer bottom edge 1153 of the lens to a nose cutoutportion 1144. The bounds of the nose cutout portion 1144 are defined byopposite upward angled portions 1127 a, 1129 a that are connected by atop horizontal nose cutout portion 1121 a. The upward angled portions1127 a, 1129 a meet the outer bottom edge portions 1153, 1154 at bottomnose cutout corners 1127, 1129, respectively. The upward angled portions1127 a, 1129 a meet the top horizontal nose cutout border 1121 a at topnose cutout corners 1123, 1125, respectively. The nose cutout border1121 a has a midpoint 1121 that is coincident with the vertical midplane120 of the lens 94.

The vertical midplane 120 intersects a mounting hole 1138 that isconfigured to receive screw 96. The mounting hole is at least partiallylocated in a mounting protruding portion or tab 1140 of the lens. Themounting tab 1140 extends above the left and right top edges of the lens1128, 1130. The mounting tab is configured to be received in the frame95 and to securely engage the visor therewith.

The lens 94 has a thickness defined between the inner surface 1204 andthe outer surface 1202. In one embodiment, the lens is a taperingthickness lens. FIG. 61 shows a cross sectional view taken along line61-61 of FIG. 60, at the plane of sight. The outer surface 1202 isconvex and the inner surface 1204 is concave. The outer surface 1202 hasan outer surface radius of curvature RE originating at outer centerpointof curvature CE. The inner surface 1204 has an inner surface radius ofcurvature RI originating at inner centerpoint of curvature CI. Thesurfaces 1202 and 1204 have different radii of curvatures where thecenterpoints of those radii are shifted relative to each other. In thisembodiment, the inner radius RI is shorter than the outer radius RE. Thethickness of the lens tapers from a centerpoint 1226 towards oppositeleft and right endpoints 1225, 1227. The thickness of the lens isgreatest at the midpoint to 1226. In one embodiment, the thickness ofthe lens is the smallest at the endpoints to 1225, 1227. The thicknessof the lens tapers at a constant rate from the midpoint 1226 towardsopposite endpoints 1225, 1227.

The arc of the outer surface and the arc of the inner surface do nothave a common centerpoint. In one embodiment, the maximum arc 1214between a centerline 1205 and a reference ray 1216 extending from theinner centerpoint CI to the outer edge 1225 is 80 degrees. Therefore inthat embodiment, the arc of the lens extends for 160 degrees about innercenterpoint CI. In one embodiment, the thickness of the lens at themidpoint 1226 is greater than the distance between the centers ofcurvature CI and CE.

According to one embodiment, the thickness of the lens tapers at asubstantially constant rate from the thickest portion of the lens to theedges. The lens thickness may vary smoothly from the maximum thicknessat the center to the minimum thickness at or near the edges. The radiusRI may not be constant at the opposite left and right side ends of thelens, such as beyond 75 degrees from the center line 1205. Thisvariation area provides a minimum thickness at the edge. Moreover, thisvariation from the constant radius RI at the edges is allowable in somecases. It may be less important that the radius of curvature be constantat these end areas because this area is in the detection area of view ofa user and beyond the focusable field of view of the user. However, itis important to maintain a minimum thickness at the edges 1131, 1132 toprovide sufficient ballistic protection and impact protection.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 61, the tapering thicknesslens has the radii of the inner and outer surface offset from oneanother. The centerpoint CE is offset forwardly from CI along thefrontal direction along Z axis as shown in FIG. 59. Correspondingly REis offset from RI in the frontal direction along Z axis. In oneembodiment, CI and CE are not offset vertically along the Y axis and arenot offset laterally in the horizontal plane along the X axis.

FIG. 61 shows a horizontal cross-sectional view of the taperingthickness lens that demonstrates a tapering lens thickness in thehorizontal direction. The lens tapers similarly in the verticaldirection. The lens has a vertical midpoint that comprises a maximumthickness and the lens tapers toward both a top edge 1136 and a bottomedge 1127 from the vertical midpoint.

According to one embodiment, the tapering thickness lens has an RI ofabout 104 mm, and an RE of about 106 mm, and the lens has a thickness atthe midpoint 1226 of about 5 mm. The lens has a radius of curvature inthe vertical direction along the inner surface of about 127 mm and aradius of curvature in the vertical direction along the outer surface ofabout 130 mm.

In another embodiment of the tapering thickness lens as shown in FIG.65, the radius RI is about 109 mm and the radius RE is about 111 mm andthe lens has a thickness at the midpoint 1226 of about 5 mm. The lenshas a radius of curvature in the vertical direction along the innersurface of about 127 mm and a radius of curvature in the verticaldirection along the outer surface of about 130 mm.

In one aspect, the lens must have a minimum thickness of about 3 mm atthe center 1226 in order to provide adequate impact protection andballistic protection. In another aspect, it has been found that avertical radius between about 127 mm and about 130 mm with an about 5 mmcenter thickness provides optics that reduce aberrations when the eyesare looking upward and downward through the lens. Moreover the lensachieves improved vertical field of view necessary for life-threateningsituations. Lenses having large vertical curvatures need to be taller,bigger, and/or heavier to make sure that the edges of the lens are notblocking the useful field of view in military operations. The lens ofthe invention avoids the problems of large vertical curvatures. Also,large vertical curvatures restrict the ability to use the lens withballistic mandible or jaw protectors, such as mandible 36.

Tapering thickness lens with vertical curvatures in the range of about127 mm to about 130 mm have a desirable low-profiled design. Such lensprovides optics with low refractive power, low astigmatism, and lowprism power in both the horizontal and the vertical direction. The typeof lens is advantageous for soldier activities, such as inspecting theroof of buildings, crouching and looking upward to use a weapon,inspecting grounds and running. The tapering thickness lens providesoptics in the primary viewing area where the optical aberrations need tobe minimized for sharp precise vision. The primary viewing area extendsup to about 40 degrees sideways of eye rotation from the straight aheadviewing position in the horizontal direction and 40 degrees upward anddownward vertically from the straight ahead viewing position, each ofwhich is considered a limit where eye rotation stops and head rotationstarts.

FIG. 66 demonstrates the horizontal extent of the primary viewing areaof the lens. A lens 94 is shown positioned in front of a user's eyes1401, 1402. The straight ahead line of sight 1403, 1404 from each eye isshown. Regarding the primary viewing area of the lens corresponding tothe right eye 1401, the primary viewing area extends forty degrees tothe right as shown by angle 1408 and forty degrees to the left as shownby angle 1410. Likewise, regarding the primary viewing area of the lenscorresponding to the left eye 1402, the primary viewing area extendsforty degrees to the right as shown by angle 1411 and forty degrees tothe left as shown by angle 1409. Therefore the lens has a primaryviewing area between the ray 1406 corresponding to forty degrees to theright of straight ahead view of the right eye 1401 and ray 1407corresponding to forty degrees to the left of straight ahead view of theleft eye 1402. The lens 94 has a width adapted to span from a user'sfirst eye to a user's second eye when the visor is in a deployedposition, and adapted to provide a primary viewing area that includes astraight ahead line of sight from both of the user's eyes when the visoris in the deployed position.

FIG. 67 demonstrates the vertical extent of the primary viewing area.The lens 94 is shown positioned in front of a user's eyes 1401, 1402.The straight ahead line of sight 1422 from for each eye is shown. Theprimary viewing area of the lens extends forty degrees upward as shownby the upward angle 1426. The primary viewing area of the lens extendsdownward forty degrees as shown by the downward angle 1425. Thereforethe vertical extent of the primary viewing area extends 80 degreesbetween the lower bound ray 1423 and the upper bound ray 1424. FIGS. 66and 67 show the extent of the primary viewing area when the lens ispositioned a distance from the user's eye of about 50 mm to about 60 mm,as for example positioned by mounting the lens to the helmet assembly 30and placing the lens in the deployed position in front of the user'seyes. In one embodiment, the lens is positioned a distance from theuser's eye of about 55 mm. One skilled in the art will recognize thatthe forgoing demonstrates a primary viewing area having a rectangle orsquare shape, but that the actual primary viewing area defined by thelimitations of a user's eye may be elliptical in shape as a user tendsto roll the eye downward or upward somewhat from the maximum upward ordownward position when the user turns the eye sideways while alsolooking up or down. Therefore, the actual primary viewing area of a usermay be slightly smaller than the primary viewing area of the lens.

In one embodiment, the tapering thickness lens has the following arclengths. The lens has a vertical arc length from bottom nose cutoutcorner 1127 following a vertical plane to a corresponding point 1124 onthe top edge 1128 is about 98 mm along the inner surface 1204 and isabout 103 mm along the outer surface 1202. The lens has a minimum centervertical arc length in the nose cutout portion from the top 1121 of thenose cutout portion 1144 to the top 1142 of the lens, excluding themounting tab 1140, of about 68 mm along the internal surface and about73 mm along the external surface. The lens has a maximum horizontal arclength from one side edge 1132 to the other 1131 of about 317 mm alongthe inner surface and about 331 mm along the outer surface. The nose cutout area has a maximum width from the first bottom nose cutout corner1127 to the second bottom nose cutout corner 1129 of about 70 mm. Thenose cut out area has a minimum width at the top from 1123 to 1125 ofabout 35 mm. The lens has a top edge 1136 horizontal arc length from1133 b one side to the corresponding position on the other side of about224 mm along the inner surface and about 236 mm along the outer surface.The lens has an arc length along the lower edge and across the nosecutout area of about 266 mm along the inner surface and about 278 mmalong the outer surface. In one embodiment, the lens will have a minimumheight arc length of about 68 mm and a maximum height or vertical arclength of about 103 mm. The lens will have a minimum width or horizontalarc length of about 224 mm and a maximum width arc length of about 331mm.

FIGS. 64-65 show a tapering thickness lens 1301 of an alternativeembodiment. The lens 1301 conforms to the properties provided of thelens described in FIG. 61. The lens 1301 has a smaller nose cutout area1344 than that of lens 94. The lens 1301 may be used with a differentmandible than the mandible 36. Alternatively, it may be use without amandible.

In one embodiment, the tapering thickness lens of FIG. 64 has thefollowing arc lengths. The arc length of the lens 1301 from bottom nosecutout corner 1327 following a vertical plane to a corresponding point1324 on the top edge 1328 is about 78 mm along the inner surface and isabout 80 mm along the outer surface. The lens has a minimum centervertical arc length in the nose cutout portion from the top 1321 of thenose cutout portion 1344 to the top 1342 of the lens, excluding themounting tab 1340, of about 48 mm along the internal surface and about51 along the external surface. The lens has a maximum horizontal arclength from one side edge 1332 to the other 1331 of about 315 mm alongthe inner surface and about 337 mm along the outer surface. The nose cutout area has a maximum width from the first bottom nose cutout corner1327 to the second bottom nose cutout corner 1329 of about 38 mm. Thenose cut out area has a minimum width at the top from 1323 to 1325 ofabout 35 mm. The lens has a top edge 1336 horizontal arc length from1333 b one side to the corresponding position on the other side 1333 cof about 223 mm along the inner surface and about 241 mm along the outersurface. The lens has an arc length along the lower edge and across thenose cutout area of about 238 mm along the inner surface and about 266mm along the outer surface. In one embodiment, the lens will have aminimum height arc length of about 48 mm and a maximum height orvertical arc length of about 80 mm. The lens will have a minimum widthor horizontal arc length of about 223 mm and a maximum width arc lengthof about 337 mm.

While several arc length parameters are given, it will be appreciatedthat the invention is not limited to lenses of those arc lengths, butrather a tapering thickness lens having a horizontal radius of curvaturein the range of 100 mm to 120 mm, a vertical radius of curvature in therange of 120 mm to 135 mm, and a maximum lens thickness in the range ofabout 5 mm to about 8 mm will accrue the advantages of the inventionincluding ballistic and impact protection while reducing refractivepower, astigmatism and prism in the horizontal direction as well as inthe vertical direction. Moreover, the lens may be used with or without amandible or jaw protector. The lens may or may not have a nose cutoutportion such as 1144.

Mandible and Attachment

For military applications particularly, the mandible should be ballisticimpact resistant. The mandible could advantageously be used formotorcycle helmet, winter sport or auto racing applications. Themandible should have a high mass impact resistance.

FIG. 20-21 illustrates two embodiments of a mandible of the presentinvention. The mandible 36 shown in FIG. 20 is a unitary structure. Themandible includes an upstanding rim 259 that provides a surface againstwhich the lens 94 can be supported when closed.

The mandible 180 shown in FIG. 21 comprises a rigid material mandibleframe 180. The frame can be used alone to form a wire frame guard suchas shown in FIG. 24E, or can be covered by a ballistic resistant fabric182 as shown in FIG. 24F wherein the wire frame guard frame 180 is notvisible. The mandible frame 180 is a tubular space frame or wire framestructure to reduce weight.

The fabric 182 is attached to an outside of the frame 180 such as bywrapping around the frame and secured in place by hook and loopfasteners (VELCRO). In this way the fabric is removable. The frame 180includes two plates 183 a, 183 b which include holes for mounting themandible frame 180 to the attachment bases 62, 64 as described below.

As illustrated in FIGS. 18, 19 and 32-34, the attachment base 62comprises a base plate 230 and an overlying body block 232. The block232 can include a surface 232 a which can support ends of the faceshield frame 95 as shown in FIG. 1. The base plate 230 includes hooks234, 236 that engage a lower front edge 239 of a brim gasket 240 of thehelmet 34. The base plate 230 also includes two threaded bosses (orbosses terminating in captured nuts) 242, 244 that fit into holes 260,262 (FIGS. 19, 20 and 21) through the mandible 36 or frame 180 andreceive screws 71, 72 that fasten together the mandible 36 (or frame180), the base plate 230 and the body block 232. The mandible providesholes 260, 262 that receive the bosses 242, 244 and screws 71, 72 (FIG.20).

The body block 232 includes a slot 263 that is engaged by the strap loop85 of the strap assembly 76.

As shown in FIG. 33, the base plate 230 also includes a fixed, headedpin or rivet 380 having a shaft 382 and a head 386.

As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the buckle member 87 includes a resilientlatch 320 that is depressed inwardly as the buckle member 87 is forcedinto the slot 90 of the back rail 52. The buckle member 87 also includesa base 324 that fits against a front surface 328 of the back rail. Thebuckle member also includes a plug portion 330 that fits snugly into asocket formation 334 contiguous with the slot 90.

To don the mandible or guard, the wearer moves the heads 386 of theheaded pins 380 of each attachment base 62, 64, with mandible 36 orframe 180 attached, into the wide mouth 44 c of the two side channels 44a, 44 b. As shown in FIG. 35, the wide mouth 44 c is wide enough toreceive the head 386 therein and the narrow region 44 d is wide enoughto allow sliding of the shaft 382 therethrough. Beneath the narrowregions 44 d is a parallel passage 44 e that is wide enough to allowsliding passage of the head 386. The attachment bases are slid downwarduntil the headed pins are stopped within the narrow regions 44 d. Themandible or frame and attachment bases are then rotated back and thehooks 234, 236 of the attachment bases will then be oriented to braceagainst the rim gasket 240 as the strap assemblies 76, 78 are strappedto the back rail 52 by the buckle members 87. To open the mandible forhydration (drinking), the buckle members 87 are released and themandible can be rotated forward without separating from the helmet dueto the headed pins 386.

Both the mandible hooks and the face shield frame supports rest againstthe helmet brim in the same area; should there be an impact, the loadshould be absorbed by the helmet.

Side Rails

The side rails 46, 48 are fastened to the helmet by screws 360, 362(FIGS. 1-3) at front ends of the side rails and by being engaged to theback rail at rear sides thereof. The screws 360, 362 also serve tofasten the front mount 44 to the helmet as well.

The side rails include an extending hook tab 370 (FIG. 19A) that fitsinto and interlocks with a hook recess 872 formed on opposite ends ofthe back rail (FIG. 22). When the back rail 52 is attached to the helmetthe rear ends of the side rails are fixedly clamped to the helmet viathe hook tabs 370.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the side rails include integrated nightvision goggle (NVG) shock cords 47 b, one on each side which are used tostabilize and secure either the NVG or the face shield 38. Shock cordsare elastic cords. FIG. 6B shows a shock cord channel where the shockcord channel cover is transparent or not shown. Each side rail 46contains a shock cord channel 47 a that extends along a length of theside rail. The shock cord is anchored with an anchor 47 c that attachesthe cord at one end of the channel 47 a. The cord extends along thelength of the channel to the outlet 47 d. The outlet is widens beyondthe width of the channel as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The widened outletallow for a hook 47 e attached to the end of the cord to reset withinthe widened outlet when the cord is in the retracted position as shownin FIG. 6B. When an accessory needs to be stabilized with the shockcords, the user pulls and stretches the shock cord to an extendedcondition, such as shown in FIG. 6A, and attaches it the accessory (notshown in FIGS. 6A, 6B).

The side rails 46, 48 include mounting formations 376, 377 (FIG. 4) formounting an additional rail between the formations. FIGS. 4C and 4Dillustrate a top rail 378 that includes legs 378 a, 378 b connected to atop pod or housing 379.

The formations include a guide recess 376 a and a slot 376 c (FIG. 16).To mount the top rail 378, the legs are engaged to the mountingformations wherein narrow end portions of the legs are inserted throughthe slots 378 c of each formation 376, 377. The distal end of each legincludes a hook latch 378 c that retains the legs 378 a, 378 b engagedwith the respective side rail 46, 48. The legs 378 a, 378 b can bearticulated at the pod 379 to act as latch tighteners to securely drawthe hook latches 378 c tightly against the slots 376 c.

Additionally, the slots 376 c can be made dimensionally identical to theslots 90 on the back rail 52. Therefore, if the top rail is not used,the wearer has alternate locations to insert the buckles 87 or can usethe slots 376 c for mounting another component.

The pod 379 is thus held onto a top region of the helmet 34. The pod 379can contain electronics, communication equipment, or other equipment orcan contain a beacon or other signal generating device which helps toidentify the wearer to others as “friend” instead of “foe”, or help inlocating the wearer by friendly forces. The signal generated by thebeacon can be a visual signal or radio signal or other signal. Where thesignal indicator is an IR designator, since it is emitting IR signals,it will be seen at night by other soldiers in the back of the helmetwearer, when the other soldiers wear night vision goggles.

FIGS. 6 and 36 illustrate the side rails 46, 48 include attachmentformations 46 a that include an upper and lower row of depressions 46 band a dovetail slot 46 c, between the rows of depressions. A componentattachment base 46 d includes a plurality of pins 46 f that insert intoa plurality of depressions. This insertion fixes the front-to-backposition of the base 46 d. The base 46 d includes a reverse dovetailprofile 46 g that interlocks with the dovetail slot 46 c. The dovetailprofile 46 g is slid into the dovetail slot and the pins 46 f and/or thebase 46 d and/or the rail 46 has sufficient flexibility that the basecan be forcibly positioned along the length of the rail until thedesired position of the base, corresponding to registration of the pins46 f into the desired depressions 46 b is reached.

The base 46 d can be the mounting base for a camera, flashlight or otherequipment.

Back Rail

Further details of the back rail 52 are illustrated in FIG. 22. The backrail 52 includes major openings 380, 382 having pie-shaped minorrecesses 380 a, 382 a contiguous therewith. Also shown are goggle clips386, 387 that engage recesses 380 a, 382 a by hook portions 386 a, 387a. The pie-shape of the recesses allows for a range of angular movementof the goggle clips with respect to the back rail 52. The back rail ismounted to the helmet by two screws 390, 392 (FIG. 4A).

The hook portions 386 a, 387 a allow one side of the goggles, one hookportion, to be released from the back rail 52 while the other hookportion retains the goggles, hanging down, onto the back rail. This isadvantageous for a wearer to disengage the goggles without separatingthe goggles from the remaining helmet equipment.

One clip 386 is shown in FIG. 23. The clip includes a body portion 386 bhaving slots 386 c, 386 d for receiving a goggle strap end, and formedwith the hook portion 386 a.

The back rail can also be configured to hold a power source such as abattery pack.

Adjustable Rear Rail System

FIGS. 45-51 illustrate an alternate embodiment of an adjustable backrail system 852 that includes a first outer back rail 810, an oppositesecond outer back rail 820, and a center back rail 830. The first andsecond outer back rails are constructed in mirror image fashion across avertical centerline of the helmet. The adjustable rear rail systemallows the parts of the helmet assembly 30 excluding the helmet, to beused on different sized helmets and will accommodate the variation inhelmet through hole location, which may arise for example during helmetmass production. The adjustable back rail system 852 is shown in anexpanded position in FIG. 47 and a retracted position in FIG. 46 foraccommodating different sized helmets. The adjustable back rail system852 may have an adjustable range beyond that shown in FIGS. 46 and 47.

As shown in FIG. 50, each outer back rail 810, 820 has a hook recess 872(not shown for outer rail 820). The extending hook tab 230 (FIG. 19A) ofthe side rails fit into and interlock with the hook recesses 872 of theouter back rails.

The center rear rail has U-shaped anchor slots 842, 844 (partially shownin FIG. 47). The anchor slots 842, 844 correspond to outer anchor slots812, 824, respectively of the first and second outer rear rails. Theanchor slots are at least partially alignable with the outer anchor slotfor receiving anchor screws (not shown, but similar to the screws 390,392) to secure the back rail system 852 to the helmet. In anotherembodiment the U-shaped anchor slots may be oblong, circular, or ovalshape.

The center back rail has an alignment point or line 836 for positioningthe center rear rail at the front-back center line of a helmet. Theouter back rails are positioned over outer ends 838 (second outer endnot shown) of the center back rail. The outer end 838 has two engagementtabs 839 a, 839 b extending laterally from an end of the center rearrail for engaging and sliding within corresponding receiving channels816, 818 of the outer back rail 810. Each engagement tab 839 a, 839 bhas a forwardly extending tab 839 c, 839 d, respectively. The forwardlyextending tabs correspond to forwardly extending recesses 816 c, 818 dof the receiving channels 816, 818, respectively.

When fitting the back rail system to the side rails and a helmet, thecenter back rail is aligned with the helmet at the alignment point 836.The side rails are attached to the outer rear rails. The outer rearrails are placed over the outer ends of the center back rail 830, andthe engagement tabs 839 a, 839 b mate with the receiving channels 816,818. Screws are then placed through the outer anchor slots 812, 824 andthrough the anchor slots 842, 844 to secure the back rail system to thehelmet.

In an alternative embodiment, toothed back rail embodiment of theadjustable back rail system, as shown in FIGS. 52-57, the outer ends 936(right outer end not shown) of the center back rail 930 has a pluralityof locking teeth on the outward facing surface throughout a engagementportion 938 of the outer end 936. The right outer end is mirror imageidentical to the left outer end 936 across a vertical centerline of thehelmet. The center back rail 930 is similar to the center back rail 830except as described herein. The outer end 936 has two engagement tabs939 a, 939 b within the engagement portion 938. The two tabs 939 a, 939b form a U-shaped anchor slot 942 for receiving an anchor screw orfastener (not shown) to secure the back rail system to the helmet.

The outer back rails 910 have a corresponding toothed section 912 havinglocking teeth 914 on a rearward facing portion 916 of the outer backrail 910. Locking teeth 935 of the center back rail 930 engage thelocking teeth 914 of the outer back rail 910 when the outer back rail isplaced over the outer end of the center back rail. The toothedengagement between the center back rail and the outer back rails createa locked engagement when a screw or other fastener holds the outer backrail securely against the center back rail. When the a screw or fasteneris loosed the outer back rails may be adjusted laterally to accommodatedifferent sized helmets and/or accommodate the variation in helmetthrough hole location, which may arise for example during helmet massproduction.

In another embodiment, the tab engaging channel embodiment, as shown inFIGS. 48-51, is combined with the toothed back rail embodiment, as shownin FIGS. 52-57, so that outer ends 838 comprise a toothed engagementportion similar to the toothed engagement portion 938 while still havingengagement tabs like those of 839 a, 839 b with forwardly extending tabs839 c, 839 d, and the outer back rail 810, 820 comprising a rearwardfacing portion having teeth similar to the rearward facing portion 916while still having forwardly extending recesses like those of 816 c, 818d.

As shown in FIGS. 55-57, the center back rail 930 has slots 950, 960 forholding goggle straps and securing goggles against a user's face orhelmet. The center back rail 930 includes slots 950, 960 configured toreceive buckle members 970. The buckle member 970 includes a resilientlatch 972 that is depressed inwardly as the buckle member 970 is forcedin the direction F of FIG. 55 into the slot 960 of the back rail 930, ordirection E for the case of engaging slot 950. The buckle, as shown inFIG. 58, also has flanking supports 944 a, 974 b that are spaced apartin the lateral direction from the latch 972. The latch 976 has a firstraised area 977, and a second raised area 978 separated by a recessedarea 979.

The slots have a first raised portion 961 with lateral guiding segments962 a, 962 b on each lateral side. A gap 963 separates the first raisedportion from a main guide portion 962. Extending longitudinally inwardof the slot from the first raised portion 961 is a second raised portion964. The second raised portion 964 slopes upwards in a longitudinaldirection outward of the slot as it approaches the first raised portionto form a receiving area for receiving the second raised area 978 of thelatch 976. The buckle locks into the slot by the second raised area 978of the latch engaging the second raised portion 964 of the slot and therecessed area 979 of the latch engaging the first raised portion 961 ofthe slot, and the first raised area 977 of the latch engaged with anoutward facing surface 961 a of the first raised portion 961. Theflanking supports 974 a, 974 b are guided by the lateral guidingsegments 962 a, 962 b of the slot on one side and the main guide portion962 on the other when the buckle member enters and leaves the slot. Thebuckle member has a strap slot 972 for holding a strap at one end wherethe strap maybe connected to a goggle at the other end. It will beunderstood by one skilled in the art that in other embodiments, the backrail 52 or back rail 830 may comprise slots such as slot 950, 960 of theback rail 930, which are configured to receive buckle members 970.

Variations in Mandibles and Guards

FIGS. 24A-24H illustrate multiple variations of the mandible attached tothe helmet. FIG. 24A illustrates the mandible 36 previously describedmounted to the helmet 34. FIG. 24B illustrates a rigid guard 502 mountedto the helmet 34. The guard has a shorter profile than the rigidmandible. FIG. 24C illustrates a rigid guard 502 mounted to the helmet34 and carrying a removable ballistic resistant fabric 504 to extendprotection below the guard. FIG. 24D illustrates a rigid guard and anintegrated non-removable ballistic resistant fabric 508 mounted to thehelmet 34. FIG. 24E illustrates a rigid wireframe guard 180 mounted tothe helmet 34. FIG. 24 F illustrates the wireframe guard 180 (notvisible) having a ballistic resistant fabric 510 applied over the guard.FIG. 24G illustrates a lower semi-flexible frame 512. FIG. 24Hillustrates the lower semi-flexible frame 512 with a ballistic resistantfabric 516 to extend protection below the frame.

Semi flexible frame mandibles or guards provide the benefit ofconforming to a weapon when the wearer is aiming with a stock of theweapon proximate the cheek.

Alternate Mandible Attachment System

FIGS. 37-39 illustrate an alternate mandible attachment system thatincludes revised attachment bases 662, 664, constructed in mirror imagefashion across a vertical centerplane of the helmet. The bases 662, 664include revised base plates 630, which are similar to the baseplates 230(FIGS. 33-34) except as described herein, and a revised helmet mount 644compared to the mount 44.

As illustrated in FIGS. 37-39, the attachment base 662 comprises a baseplate 630, and an overlying body block 632 (the block 632 is missing inthe attachment base 662 in FIG. 37 in order to see underlying features)similar in construction and attachment as the body block 232 shown inFIG. 32. The block 632 can include a surface 632 a which can supportends of the face shield frame 95 as shown in FIG. 1.

The base plate 630 includes a hook 234 that engage a lower front edge239 of a brim gasket 240 of the helmet 34 as previously described. Thebase plate 630 also includes an upstanding hook 636 having hookconcavities 636 a open forwardly.

The base plate 630 also includes two threaded bosses (or bossesterminating in captured nuts) 242, 244 that fit into holes 260, 262(FIGS. 19, 20 and 21) through the mandible 36 or frame 180 and receivescrews 71, 72 that fasten together the mandible 36 (or frame 180), thebase plate 630 and the body block 632, as previously described. Themandible provides holes 260, 262 that receive the bosses 242, 244 andscrews 71, 72 as previously described (FIG. 20).

The body block 232 includes a slot 263 that is engaged by the strap loop85 of the strap assembly 76.

The mount 644 includes a concave area 644 a at each end thereof to forma shaped void 644 b between the mount 644 and the helmet 34, having anopen receiving slot 644 d. The shaped void is partly defined by ahook-shaped support 644 c that has a concavity open upwardly andrearward.

To don the mandible or guard, the wearer moves the upstanding hooks 636of each attachment base 662, 664, with mandible 36 or frame 180attached, into the open receiving slots 644 d of the two shaped voids644 b on opposite sides of the helmet. The relative position of themandible or frame with respect to the helmet is shown in FIG. 38. Asshown in FIG. 38-39, each void 644 b receives the hook concavity 636 ain mutual engagement with the hook-shaped support 644 c. After the hooks636 and the supports 644 c are engaged, the mandible or frame andattachment bases are then rotated down and back from the orientationshown in FIG. 38 to the orientation shown in FIG. 39. The hooks 234 ofthe attachment bases 662, 664 will then be oriented to brace against therim gasket 240 as the strap assemblies 76, 78 are strapped to the backrail 52 by the buckle members 87 as previously described.

To open the mandible for hydration (drinking), the buckle members 87 arereleased and the mandible can be rotated forward. The degree ofengagement of the hooks 636 and the supports 644 c can be designed thatthe mandible or frame can be rotated sufficiently to hydrate withoutseparating from the helmet.

Both the mandible hooks and the face shield frame supports rest againstthe helmet brim in the same area; should there be an impact, the loadshould be absorbed by the helmet.

Mandible Adjustment System

FIGS. 40-44 illustrate an alternative embodiment having a mandibleadjustment system that includes revised attachment bases 762, 764,constructed in mirror image fashion across a vertical centerline of thehelmet. The second alternate adjustable mandible attachment systemprovides the ability to move the mandible between an upper limitposition, as for example shown in FIGS. 43 and 44, and a lower limitposition, as for example shown in FIGS. 41 and 43, to ensure optimalinterface between the bottom portion of the visor 94 and the mandible36. The adjustable mandible attachment system is adjustable to positionswithin a continuously variable range between the upper limit positionand the lower limit position.

The bases 762, 764 include revised base plates 730 as shown in FIG. 40B.The base plate 730 includes a fixed, headed pin or rivet 780. The bodyblock 732 includes a slot 763 that is engaged by the strap loop 85 ofthe strap assembly 76. The base plate includes a corresponding slot 763a for engaging the strap loop 85. The base plate 730 also includes twothreaded bosses (or bosses terminating in captured nuts) 742, 744 thatfit into holes 260, 262 (FIGS. 19, 20 and 21) through the mandible 36 orframe 180 and receive screws (not shown) that fasten together themandible 36 (or frame 180), the base plate 730 and the body block 732.

FIG. 40B also shows an inner plate 737 that mates with an inner side ofthe mandible to secure the mandible between the inner plate and the baseplate. The inner plate has two fastener holes 733 a, 733 b thatcorrespond to the threaded bosses 742, 744. The inner plate has aretainer 736 that engages the lower edge 239 of the brim gasket 240 ofthe helmet 34 (see FIG. 19).

The base plate 730 has a standoff mechanism 791. The standoff mechanism791 has a contact plate 793, a base nut 795 and a set screw 797. Thecontact plate is flexible and is positioned between the lower edge 239of the brim gasket 240 of the helmet 34 (see FIG. 19) or a lower edge734 of the helmet 34 and the set screw 797, as shown in FIG. 42. Thebase nut 795 is fixed to the inside surface of the base plate 730. Inone embodiment, the base nut 795 is located at a rearward position onthe base plate 730 near the slot 763. The contact plate prevents the setscrew from wearing on the lower edge of the helmet. The base nut isthreaded to receive threads of the set screw 797. The set screw has anAllen key (not shown) at the bottom 799 of the set screw, which isconfigured to receive an Allen wrench for turning the set screw. Otherturning mechanisms may also be employed.

As shown in FIG. 40B, the contact plate 793 has a T-shaped end 793 a.The opposite lateral ends of the T-shaped portion engage a contact plateslot 731 of the base plate on one side and a contact plate slot 736 c ofthe inner plate on the other side. The T-shaped portion holds theT-shaped portion of the contact plate in position between the base plateand the inner plate and the contact plate flexes from this location.

When the standoff mechanism is in the lowered position, as shown inFIGS. 41 and 42, the set screw is in a lowered position with respect tothe base nut. The base plate may rest against the top of the base nut,when the standoff mechanism is in the lowered position. When thestandoff mechanism is in the lowered positioned the mandible is in alowered position as shown in FIG. 41. To move the mandible upward theset screw is turned to raise the set screw relative to the base nut. Asthe set screw rises, it engages the contact plate 793 which putspressure on the lower edge of the helmet. As the set screw is movedupward relative to the base nut, the base plate 730 pivots about therivet 780 that is within the side channel 44 a, and thereby raises themandible closer to the front bottom edge of the helmet.

As shown in FIG. 44, the rear portion of the base plate is drivendownward as the set screw is moved upward relative to the base nut. Thiscauses the contact plate to flex, remaining connected to the base plateat one end and positioned between the set screw and the bottom edge ofthe helmet at an opposite end of the contact plate. The upper and lowerlimit positions are determined, at least in part, by the length of theset screw.

As shown in FIGS. 68 and 69, the helmet system may include a protectivehead cap 1300. The cap has a front opening 1306 that corresponds to thetop front formation or central accessory mount 144. The centralaccessory mount may also be a mount for receiving the visor mountingarrangement 42. The front opening allows the accessory mount 144 to bereceived there through. The cap includes side rail engagement members1304 (not shown for right side). The left side rail engagement member1302 mirror image identical across the vertical midplate extending frontto back of the helmet system.

A second embodiment of the side rail 1310 is shown in FIG. 70. The sideraid is identical to the side rail 46 except as described. The rail 1310includes two raised portions 1314, 1316 and a recessed portion 1312therebetween. The raised portions have a plurality of first accessoryengagement recesses 1308, 1309. Similar first accessory engagementrecesses 46 f, 46 g are shown in rail 46 in FIG. 6. The recessed portioncontains a plurality of second accessory engagement recesses. The secondengagement recesses are larger than the first engagement recessed. Theengagement recesses can be used to secure accessories to the side rail.

The side rail engagement members 1302 contain an attachment mechanismfor securing the protective cap to the side rails of the helmet systemas shown in FIG. 69. The attachment mechanisms may comprise flexibleprotrusion on the underside of the side rail 1302 or a upper portion ofthe side rail 1304. The flexible protrusions engage one or more ofcorresponding second or first engagement recesses 1311, 1308 of the rail1310. The flexible protrusion secure the cap 1300 to the side railsuntil a predetermined amount of force is applied in the H direction, asshown in FIG. 69, to remove the cap from the side rails.

Alternatively the cap 1300 may have an attachment mechanism havingengagement members that are manually releasable by a mechanical lockingmechanism. The engagement member engages the second or first engagementrecesses 1311, 1308. The cap is removable by releasing the mechanicallocking mechanism. The attachment mechanism may provide a slidingone-way lock engagement that allows the cap to be slid on in thedirection F as shown in FIG. 68, but not removed without the release ofthe lock mechanism. In another embodiment, the lock mechanisms by beelectronically controlled.

The cap 1300 may be made of composite material such as KEVLAR andthermoplastic or High-density polyethylene and thermoplastic.

Exemplary materials of construction for the helmet assembly include:

Helmet: Aramid fiber textile with either thermoplastic matrix orthermoset matrix

Front mount: Glass reinforced nylon for the plastic part and Aluminumfor the insert (where the visor attaches/anchors)

Side rails: Glass reinforced nylon

Back Rail: Glass reinforced nylon

Top rail: Glass reinforced nylon

Attachment bases for mandible: Glass reinforced nylon over Aluminum,Steel, Stainless Steel or Titanium

Rigid mandible: It can be a combination of various materials such as: 1)aramid fiber textile and thermoplastic or thermoset matrix 2) aramidfiber textile and thermoplastic or thermoset matrix wrapped in carbonfiber textile 3) High Density Polyethylene wrapped in carbon fibertextile

Soft mandible: Semi-Flexible Frame made of Nylon while the curtain(hanging from the frame) is made out of aramid fiber textile (manylayers).

The presently described embodiment provides flexibility in outfitting amilitary helmet. The back rail can be used without the side rails. A toprail is optional. The mandible or frame is optional, and when used, canbe used without the side rails. Other permutations are possible withsome minor modifications.

From the foregoing, it will be observed that numerous variations andmodifications may be effected without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention. It is to be understood that no limitation withrespect to the specific apparatus illustrated herein is intended orshould be inferred.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An accessory attachment assembly for ahelmet, comprising: a visor comprising a lens having a width adapted tospan from a user's first eye to a user's second eye when the visor is ina deployed position, and adapted to provide a primary viewing area thatincludes a straight ahead line of sight from both of the user's eyeswhen the visor is in the deployed position; and a mounting arrangementadapted to attach the visor to the helmet, the mounting arrangementcomprising a helmet mount, an arm, a link, and a visor mount, wherein:the helmet mount is adapted to be mounted to a center front position onthe helmet; the visor mount is adapted to couple with the visor; thevisor mount is adapted to connect to the helmet mount such that thevisor is attachable to the helmet mount at only the center frontposition on the helmet; the arm and the link are adapted to guide thevisor between the deployed position and a standby position that israised from the deployed position; the arm is pivotally coupled to thehelmet mount about a first pivot axis and is pivotally coupled to thevisor mount about a second pivot axis; the link is pivotally coupled tothe helmet mount about a third pivot axis and is pivotally coupled tothe visor mount about a fourth pivot axis; and the first, second andthird pivot axes are distinct from one another.
 2. The assembly of claim1, wherein the visor has a vent position located between the deployedposition and the standby position, and the arm and the link are adaptedto secure the visor in the vent position.
 3. The assembly of claim 1,wherein the arm and the link comprise a visor mount guide path forguiding the visor mount between a visor mount deployed position and avisor mount standby position.
 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein theguide path is vertical.
 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the arm andthe link comprise a detent mechanism adapted to resiliently hold thevisor mount in at least one predefined position.
 6. The assembly ofclaim 5, wherein the detent mechanism comprises a spring biased ballurged toward a rotatable pivot pin, the rotatable pivot pin having atleast one recess adapted to receive the spring biased ball at apredefined position of the arm and the link and to resiliently hold thevisor mount in said at least one predefined position.
 7. The assembly ofclaim 5, wherein the detent mechanism comprises a spring biased ballurged toward a rotatable pivot pin, the rotatable pivot pin having astandby recess and a deployed recess about the circumference of the pin,the spring biased ball engages the standby recess when the visor mountis in a visor mount standby position and the spring biased ball engagesthe deployed recess when the visor mount is in a visor mount deployedposition.
 8. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the at least one recesshas a contact surface that is adapted to engage a surface of the springbiased ball.
 9. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the at least one recesshas a surface that does not conform to a portion of a circle.
 10. Theassembly of claim 6, wherein the at least one recess has a beginningpoint and an end point, wherein the at least one recess is shaped sothat the spring biased ball maintains contact with the at least onerecess along less than the entire length of the at least one recessbetween the beginning point and the end point.
 11. The assembly of claim1, wherein the arm and the link comprise a hook latch mechanism adaptedto secure the visor mount in at least one position, the hook latchmechanism comprises a movable hook biased toward a home position and aleast one engagement surface for receiving the hook and securing thevisor mount in position.
 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the visormount extends laterally to receive an entire upper edge of the visor.13. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising: two side rails adaptedto be mounted to opposite sides of a helmet, each side rail having afirst end and a second end; at least one back rail adapted to be mountedto the back of a helmet; wherein the helmet mount comprises a frontrail; the first end of each side rail is connected to the front rail;and the second end of each side rail is connected the back rail.
 14. Theassembly of claim 13, comprising a mandible pivotally connected to thefront rail or side rails, the mandible having two strap connectors onopposite lateral sides for receiving a strap that connects to the backrail to secure the mandible to the helmet.
 15. The assembly of claim 1,further comprising: two side rails adapted to be mounted to oppositesides of a helmet, each side rail having a first end and a second end;wherein the helmet mount comprises a front rail; the first end of eachside rail is connected to the front rail; and each side rail contains anelastic cord for connecting to an accessory.
 16. An accessory attachmentassembly for a helmet, comprising: a helmet having a lowermost edgedefining an opening for receiving a wearer's head; a front mount mountedto an exterior front surface of the helmet at a location above thelowermost edge of the helmet, the front mount having a center frontaccessory mount and an elongated rail portion; a cord; wherein theelongated rail portion of the front mount has at least one anchorreceiver laterally spaced from the center front accessory mount andadapted to anchor an accessory to the front mount by connecting theaccessory to the at least one anchor receiver via the cord, the at leastone anchor receiver comprising a passage extending through the elongatedrail portion and an anchor bar spanning the passage, the anchor barseparating a first recess located on a first side of the anchor bar froma second recess located on a second side of the anchor bar, the firstrecess and the second recess being part of the passage, the at least oneanchor receiver being located above the lowermost edge of the helmet.17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein the at least one anchor receivercomprises two anchor receivers and the two anchor receivers arepositioned on the elongated rail portion laterally spaced in oppositedirections from the center front accessory mount.
 18. The assembly ofclaim 16, wherein the at least one anchor receiver comprises two anchorreceivers each laterally spaced from the center front accessory mount.19. The assembly of claim 16, further comprising a cap, wherein thecenter front accessory mount has a storage area which is at leastsemi-enclosed by the cap.
 20. The assembly of claim 16, furthercomprising an accessory that attaches to the center front accessorymount.
 21. An accessory attachment assembly for a helmet, comprising: avisor comprising a face shield lens having a width adapted to span froma user's first eye to a user's second eye when the visor is in adeployed position, and adapted to provide a primary viewing area thatincludes a straight ahead line of sight from both of the user's eyeswhen the visor is in the deployed position; and a mounting arrangementadapted to attach the visor to the helmet at only a center frontposition on the helmet, the mounting arrangement comprising a helmetmount, a visor mount and a visor position adjustment mechanism, wherein:the helmet mount is adapted to be mounted to the center front positionon the helmet; the visor mount is adapted to couple with the visor; thevisor position adjustment mechanism is adapted to connect the visormount to the helmet mount such that the visor is attachable to thehelmet at only the center front position on the helmet; the visorposition adjustment mechanism is adapted to guide the visor between thedeployed position and a standby position that is raised from thedeployed position; the helmet mount has an attachment portion; the visormount has an attachment portion; the visor position adjustment mechanismcomprises an arm that is pivotally coupled to the attachment portion ofthe helmet mount about a first pivot axis and that is pivotally coupledto the attachment portion of the visor mount about a second pivot axis;the visor position adjustment mechanism further comprises a link that ispivotally coupled to the attachment portion of the helmet mount about athird pivot axis and that is pivotally coupled to the attachment portionof the visor mount about a fourth pivot axis; and the first, second andthird pivot axes are distinct from one another.
 22. The assembly ofclaim 21, wherein the fourth pivot axis is distinct from the first,second and third pivot axes.
 23. The assembly of claim 21, wherein thelink comprises an L-shaped link.
 24. The assembly of claim 21, whereinwhen the visor is in the deployed position, the first pivot axis islocated above the third pivot axis.
 25. The assembly of claim 24,wherein when the visor is in the deployed position, the second pivotaxis is located above the fourth pivot axis.
 26. The assembly of claim21, wherein the attachment portions of the helmet mount and the visormount each comprise a lug.